牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染对慢性牙周炎患者牙周指标、NLRP-3炎性小体通路和Th17/Treg细胞平衡的影响

摘要 目的：探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌（PG）感染对慢性牙周炎（CP）患者牙周指标、Nod样受体蛋白-3（NLRP-3）炎性小体通路和辅助性T细胞17（Th17）/调节性T细胞（Treg）平衡的影响。方法：选择2018年6月至2021年11月在本院进行拔牙治疗的慢性牙周炎患者106例为CP组,根据是否感染PG分为感染组和未感染组;另选择因阻生齿、错位牙在本院进行治疗的牙周健康患者63例为对照组。记录所有对象的探诊深度（PD）、菌斑指数（PLI）、出血指数（BI）、附着丧失（AL）,采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术检测PG感染率,采用RT-PCR技术检测牙周膜组织中NLRP-3 mRNA,接头蛋白凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC） mRNA、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶-1（Caspase-1） mRNA的表达量,采用FACSCalibur流式细胞仪检测外周血Th17、Terg 水平并计算Th17/Treg,比较两组各检测指标水平。结果：对照组PG感染阳性率为17.46%,低于CP组的79.25%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。感染组PD、PLI、BI、AL水平均高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。感染组NLRP-3 mRNA、ASC mRNA、Caspase-1 mRNA表达量均高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。感染组外周血Th17细胞、Th17/Treg水平高于非感染组,Treg水平低于非感染组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：CP患者多数存在PG感染,PG感染对患者的牙周健康、炎症及免疫有明显的影响。     

Sexual selection in cane toads Rhinella marina： A male＇s body size affects his success and his tactics

Abstract Male body size can play an important role in the mating systems of anuran amphibians. We conducted labora- tory-based trials with cane toads Rhinella （Bufo） marina from an invasive population in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia, to clarify the effects of a male＇s body size on his reproductive success and behavior （mate choice）. Males were stimulated with a synthetic hormone to induce reproductive readiness. Larger body size enhanced a male toad＇s ability to displace a smaller rival from amplexus, apparently because of physical strength： more force was required to dislodge a larger than a smaller amplectant male. A male＇s body size also affected his mate-choice criteria. Males of all body sizes were as likely to attempt amplexus with another male as with a female of the same size, and preferred larger rather than smaller sexual targets. However, this size prefe- rence was stronger in larger males and hence, amplexus was size-assortative. This pattern broke down when males were given access to already-amplectant male-female pairs： males of all body sizes readily attempted amplexus with the pair, with no size discrimination. An amplectant pair provides a larger visual stimulus, and prolonged amplexus provides a strong cue for sex iden- tification （one of the individuals involved is almost certainly a female）. Thus, a male cane toad＇s body size affects both his ability to defeat rivals in physical struggles over females, and the criteria he uses when selecting potential mates, but the impacts of that selectivity depend upon the context in which mating occurs     

Treatment of periodontal disease using xanthan based chlorhexidine gel

People of all ages are suffering from periodontal disease. It causes indirect damage in the oral cavity. It is of interest to evaluate the efficacy of xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel (Xan-CHX) in patients with mild-severe chronic periodontitis. Five patients with 60 sites were divided in two groups. Group A (treated with SRP) and group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL). The recorded clinical parameters were Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Bleeding index (BI), and Clinical attachment Level (CAL) with sub gingival plaque subjected to microbial analysis. Significant reduction was observed in both groups. However, group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL) showed statistically significant improvement on above mentioned parameters as compared to group A. Data suggest that in the treatment of periodontal disease (viz. PI, GI, BI and CAL) combination of SRP and Chlosite showed added benefits over only SRP.     

Maladaptive innate immune training of myelopoiesis links inflammatory comorbidities

1. Download : Download high-res image (169KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Propagule pressure governs establishment of an invasive herb

The success of plant invasions may be limited by the availability of propagules and/or of suitable microsites, with microsite availability being affected by, for example, disturbance and interspecific competition. A mechanistic understanding of the contributions of propagule pressure and microsite limitation to plant invasions is therefore required to minimise future invasions. Here, we investigated the relative roles of propagule pressure, the availability of microsites, and their interaction on the establishment of an invasive herb, Lupinus polyphyllus, in two geographic regions representing different climate and growth conditions in Finland (a more productive southern region and a harsher central region). We carried out a field experiment in 14 L. polyphyllus populations, in which we manipulated both propagule pressure and disturbance. In a complementary greenhouse experiment, we manipulated propagule pressure and interspecific competition. Seedling establishment of L. polyphyllus was higher in the more productive southern region than in the harsher central region. The number of L. polyphyllus seedlings increased with increasing propagule pressure regardless of disturbance or interspecific competition. However, the number of L. polyphyllus seedlings per sown seed (relative establishment) tended to decrease with increasing propagule pressure, indicating that the positive effect of propagule pressure on early invasion is partially counteracted by density-dependent mortality at high seed densities. Our results highlight the dominant role of propagule pressure over disturbance and interspecific competition in the establishment of L. polyphyllus, suggesting that the early stage of invasion is limited by the availability of propagules rather than the availability of suitable microsites.     

粘接性牙周夹板固定修复在慢性牙周炎患者的临床应用

目的:观察粘接性牙周夹板固定修复治疗慢性牙周炎的临床效果。方法:选择25例(93颗松动患牙)慢性牙周炎患者,记录牙周治疗前、采用粘接性牙周夹板固定修复后即刻、3、6及12个月的牙周状况,包括菌斑指数(PLI)、探针深度(PD)、牙龈出血指数(BOP)、牙龈指数(GI)和附着丧失(AL)的变化;检测牙龈龈沟液中卟啉单胞菌、血链球菌数量的变化;评估患者行固定夹板修复后对美观、舒适、咀嚼、发音等方面的满意度。结果:经牙周夹板固定修复后,各阶段的PLI、PD、GI和AL的指标值与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但固定后各阶段之间的牙周临床指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05);牙龈卟啉单胞菌和血链球菌数的数量在固定后各阶段较治疗前均显著减少(P0.05),但固定期间各阶段比较差异不明显(P0.05);固定修复后,各阶段患者的满意度均较高。结论:慢性牙周炎患者经完善的牙周基础治疗后,应用粘接性牙周夹板固定修复,能够有效固定患者松动患牙,恢复其咀嚼功能,有效地控制慢性牙周炎的发展。     

亚甲基蓝/光化学法辅助治疗慢性牙周炎对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的影响

目的研究亚甲基蓝/光化学法辅助治疗慢性牙周炎对牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)检出率的变化。方法经伦理委员会同意后,本研究拟筛选出45例慢性牙周炎患者(每位患者经过详细牙周检查及X线检查后确认为牙周炎,有4个以上≥5 mm的牙周袋并分布在2个以上口腔区域),随机分3组:其中A组在SRP之后接受1次PERIOWAVE光化学治疗,B组在SRP后接受1次PERIOWAVE治疗以及在6周后再一次接受光化学治疗,而SRP组仅接受SRP治疗,各组患者取治疗前后相同4个位点龈下菌斑,聚合酶链式反应(Poly-merase chain reaction,PCR)检测Pg,观察Pg菌的检出率,采用卡方检验,并计算χ2值。结果 SRP组、A组、B组3组各组治疗后均较治疗前检出率降低(P<0.001),A组与SRP组治疗后比较差异无统计学意义[A组:40%(24/60),SRP组:45%(27/60),χ2=1.4815,P>0.05],B组与SRP治疗后比较检出率降低[SRP组:45%(27/60),B组:20%(12/60)χ2=8.547,P<0.01];B组与A组治疗后比较检出率降低[A组:40%(24/60),B组:20%(12/60),χ2=5.7143,P<0.05]。结论亚甲基蓝/光化学法辅助治疗慢性牙周炎后牙龈卟啉单胞菌的检出率较治疗前降低;结合临床试验结果,尚可认为2次激光疗效较1次激光好。     

Influence of foraging behavior and host spatial distribution on the localized spread of the emerald ash borer, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrilus planipennis</Emphasis>

Management programs for invasive species are often developed at a regional or national level, but physical intervention generally takes place over relatively small areas occupied by newly founded, isolated populations. The ability to predict how local habitat variation affects the expansion of such newly founded populations is essential for efficiently targeting resources to slow the spread of an invasive species. We assembled a coupled map lattice model that simulates the local spread of newly founded colonies of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), a devastating forest insect pest of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. Using this model, we investigated the spread of A. planipennis in environments with different Fraxinus spp. distributions, and explored the consequences of ovipositional foraging behavior on the local spread of A. planipennis. Simulations indicate that increased larval density, resulting from lower host tree density or higher initial population sizes, can increase the spread rate during the first few years after colonization by increasing a density-dependent developmental rate and via host resource depletion. Both the radial spread rate and population size were greatly influenced by ovipositional foraging behavior. Two known behaviors of ovipositing A. planipennis females, attraction towards areas with high ash tree density and attraction to stressed trees, had opposing effects on spread. Results from this model illustrate the significant influence of resource distribution and foraging behavior on localized spread, and the importance of these factors when formulating strategies to monitor and manage invasive pests.     

Independent effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza and earthworms on plant diversity and newcomer plant establishment

Questions: How do arbuscular mycorrhiza and earthworms affect the structure and diversity of a ruderal plant community? Is the establishment success of newcomer plants enhanced by these soil organisms and their interactions? Methods: We grew a native ruderal plant community composed of different functional groups (grasses, legumes and forbs) in the presence and absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and endogeic earthworms in mesocosms. We introduced seeds of five, mainly exotic, plant species from the same functional groups after a disturbance simulating mowing. The effects of the soil organisms on the native ruderal plant community and seedling establishment of the newcomer plants were assessed. Results: After disturbance, the total above‐ground regrowth of the native plant community was not affected by the soil organisms. However, AMF increased plant diversity and shoot biomass of forbs, but decreased shoot biomass of grasses of the native plant community. Earthworms led to a reduction in total root biomass. Establishment of the introduced newcomer plants increased in the presence of AMF and earthworms. Especially, seedling establishment of the introduced non‐native legume Lupinus polyphyllus and the native forb Plantago lanceolata was promoted in the presence of AMF and earthworms, respectively. The endogeic earthworms gained more weight in the presence of AMF and led to increased extraradical AMF hyphal length in soil. However, earthworms did not seem to modify the effect of AMF on the plant community. Conclusion: The present study shows the importance of mutualistic soil organisms in mediating the establishment success of newcomer plants in a native plant community. Mutualistic soil organisms lead to changes in the structure and diversity of the native plant community and might promote newcomer plants, including exotic species.     

植物群落的生物多样性及其可入侵性关系的实验研究

 生物入侵已经成为一个普遍性的环境问题,并为许多学者所关注。尽管一些理论研究和观察表明生物多样性丰富的群落不容易受到外来种的入侵,但后来有些实验研究并没能证实两者的负相关性,多样性 可入侵性假说仍然是入侵生态学领域争论比较多的一个焦点。人为构建不同物种多样性和物种功能群多样性（C3 禾本科植物、C4植物、非禾本科草本植物和豆科植物）梯度的小尺度群落,把其它影响可入侵性的外在因子和多样性效应隔离开来,研究入侵种喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)在不同群落里的入侵过程来验证多样性 可入侵性及其相关假说。研究结果显示,物种功能群丰富的群落可入侵程度较低,功能群数目相同而物种多样性不同的群落可入侵性没有显著性差异,功能群特征不同的群落也表现出可入侵性的差异,生活史周期短的单一物种群落和有着生物固氮功能的豆科植物群落可入侵程度较高,与喜旱莲子草属于同一功能群且有着相似生态位的土著种莲子草(A. sessilis)对入侵的抵抗力最强。实验结果表明,物种多样性和群落可入侵性并没有很显著的负相关,而是与物种特性基础上的物种功能群多样性呈负相关,群落中留给入侵种生态位的机会很可能是决定群落可入侵性的一个关键因子。